VoIP is a break through invention which lets you make free or very
cheap local, long distance and international calls. You may have a few
questions in your mind such as how VoIP works, what are the benefits of
VoIP.
VoIP relationship with Computers and Networks.
Put
VoIP aside for now and lets start learning about computer networking,
you may have heard about computers, networks, switches and wireless
networks. Computers communicate with each other via a set of copper
wires, fiber optic cables and wireless spectrum waves.
Computer
communication takes place in the form of data. For example if you are
sending an email to someone that email is converted into data packets
which are transmitted over the network of computers, switches and
routers and when transmitted packets arrives at destination these are
again converted back into email.
This whole process takes less than few
milliseconds to complete. That is how a computer network communication
takes place.
VoIP is very similar to computer data communication
in nature therefore it is important that you understand how computer
data network works.
How VoIP works and how a VoIP call is transmitted over data networks?
Now
since we have discovered how computer data network functions therefore
it will be easier for us to grasp how VoIP works. VoIP stands for (Voice
over Internet Protocol), VoIP calls feel and sounds no different than a
standard PSTN call. The only difference is that the VoIP calls are
transmitted over computer data networks rather than PSTN exchanges.
When
we make a VoIP call, a communication channel is established between
caller and called party over IP (Internet Protocol) which runs on top of
computer data networks. A telephony conversation that takes place over
VoIP are converted into binary data packets streams in real time and
transmitted over data network, when these data packets arrive at the
destination these are again converted into standard telephony
conversation. This whole process of voice conversion into data,
transmission and data conversion into back voice conversation takes
place within less than few milliseconds. That is how a VoIP is call is
works over data networks. I hope that now you understand basics of how a
VoIP call takes place.
What are speech codec's and what role codec plays in VoIP?
Speech
codec play a vital role in VoIP and codec determines the quality and
cost of the call. Let me explain you what exactly VoIP codec's are and
how they work. You may have heard about data compression, or probably
you have heard about air compressor which compresses a volume of air in
enclosed container, VoIP codec's are no different than a air compressor.
Speech codec's compresses voice into data packets and decompresses it
upon arrival at destination. Some VoIP codec's can compress huge amount
of voice while maintaining QoS which means use this type of codec will
cost less because it will consume just a fraction of data network. Some
codec's are just not capable of encoding huge amount of voice they
simply consume huge amount of data networks bandwidth hence the cost
goes up.
Following is a list of VoIP codec's along with how much data network bandwidth they consume.
* AMR Codec
* BroadVoice Codec 16Kbps narrowband, and 32Kbps wideband
* GIPS Family - 13.3 Kbps and up
* GSM - 13 Kbps (full rate), 20ms frame size
* iLBC - 15Kbps,20ms frame size: 13.3 Kbps, 30ms frame size
* ITU G.711 - 64 Kbps, sample-based Also known as alaw/ulaw
* ITU G.722 - 48/56/64 Kbps ADPCM 7Khz audio bandwidth
* ITU G.722.1 - 24/32 Kbps 7Khz audio bandwidth (based on Polycom's SIREN codec)
* ITU G.722.1C - 32 Kbps, a Polycom extension, 14Khz audio bandwidth
* ITU G.722.2 - 6.6Kbps to 23.85Kbps. Also known as AMR-WB. CELP 7Khz audio bandwidth
* ITU G.723.1 - 5.3/6.3 Kbps, 30ms frame size
* ITU G.726 - 16/24/32/40 Kbps
* ITU G.728 - 16 Kbps
* ITU G.729 - 8 Kbps, 10ms frame size
* Speex - 2.15 to 44.2 Kbps
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